In an age when samurai ruled Japan and faith illuminated every corner of life, a master sculptor named Unkei transformed wood into divine presence, leaving a legacy that continues to inspire today. His bold, lifelike Buddhist statues, commissioned by the powerful Miura clan, stand as timeless symbols of devotion and the artistic brilliance that defines Japan’s Kamakura period, rooted in samurai valor and spiritual dedication.

At the heart of this exhibition, “Unkei: The Miura Clan and Their Faith,” are Unkei’s five iconic masterpieces, including the Amida Triad and the guardian deities Fudo Myoo and Bishamonten. Alongside these treasures are four other significant statues: the Yakushi Nyorai, believed to have been Wada Yoshimori’s personal protective Buddha (Tenyoin Temple, Miura City), and the seated Kannon Bosatsu from China’s Southern Song dynasty, a testament to the Miura Peninsula’s advanced cultural and religious connections. Together, these nine sacred statues offer a rare glimpse into the spiritual lives of samurai in the eastern provinces.

Hosted at the Yokosuka Museum of Art, this exhibition is part of the collaborative series ‘Unkei and Kamakura,’ presented alongside Kanazawa Bunko Museum and Kamakura Kokuhoukan Museum. Each museum provides a unique perspective on the artistry and spiritual heritage of medieval Japan.

Exhibition Period: October 26 – December 22, 2024
Closed on: November 5 and December 2

What to See at the Exhibition

A Three-Museum Collaboration

As part of the collaborative series ‘Unkei and Kamakura,’ this exhibition focuses on Unkei’s masterpieces while highlighting the broader cultural context of samurai patronage and Buddhist art. While the Kanazawa Bunko Museum and Kamakura Kokuhoukan Museum explore complementary themes, the Yokosuka Museum of Art emphasizes nine sacred Buddhist statues, including five by Unkei, that embody the spiritual and artistic ideals of the Kamakura period.

This unique collaboration provides visitors with a rare opportunity to view these interconnected treasures through different lenses, offering a deeper understanding of medieval Japan’s religious and cultural landscape.

For more details about the other exhibitions in this series, visit the official websites of the Kanazawa Bunko Museum and the Kamakura Kokuhoukan Museum.

Masterpieces by Unkei

Explore Unkei’s extraordinary creations, celebrated for their vivid realism, commanding presence, and profound spiritual essence. Highlights include:

• Amida Triad (阿弥陀三尊像): This remarkable set features Amida Nyorai (阿弥陀如来) seated at the center, flanked by Kannon Bosatsu (観音菩薩), embodying compassion, and Seishi Bosatsu (勢至菩薩), representing wisdom. The statues encapsulate the ideals of Pure Land Buddhist faith, serving as a spiritual beacon for practitioners.

• Standing Figures of Fudo Myoo (不動明王像) and Bishamonten (毘沙門天像): Representing protection, determination, and valor, Fudo Myoo and Bishamonten stand as powerful guardians of Buddhist law and values, reflecting the martial spirit of the Kamakura period.

These exceptional works, commissioned by Miura clan leader Wada Yoshimori (和田義盛, 1147–1213), reside at Jorakuji Temple (浄楽寺) in Ashiya, Yokosuka. Created in 1189, they are officially recognized as Important Cultural Properties of Japan.

• Artistic and Cultural Significance: Through meticulous carving techniques, Unkei brought life to these figures. The statues’ vivid expressions, flowing drapery, and commanding postures embody the core values of the samurai class—strength, devotion, and spiritual resilience—leaving an enduring legacy in Japanese art.

Who Was Unkei?

Kongō Rikishi statues at the Great South Gate of Tōdai-ji in Nara, Japan, said to be directed by Unkei (left: Agyō, right: Ungyō).

Unkei (運慶, ?–1223) was one of the most influential sculptors of Japan’s Kamakura period and a pivotal figure in the Kei school, a renowned movement in Buddhist art. His work marked a turning point in Japanese sculpture, introducing a bold, realistic aesthetic that departed from the refined elegance and idealized forms of the Heian period. His creations feature dynamic poses, such as the poised readiness of the Nio guardians, meticulously carved drapery that conveys a sense of movement, and an overwhelming presence that infuses the statues with lifelike energy.

Unkei’s artistry deeply resonated with the emerging samurai class, as his works embodied their ideals of strength, discipline, and spiritual devotion. This alignment with the warrior ethos earned him commissions from prominent patrons like Wada Yoshimori, a leading figure of the Miura Clan. Among Unkei’s most celebrated masterpieces are the monumental Nio guardian statues at Todai-ji’s Great South Gate (Nandaimon), renowned for their intense expressions and dynamic vitality. These figures demonstrate his exceptional ability to fuse technical precision with profound spiritual meaning, leaving viewers in awe.

Unkei’s influence extended far beyond his lifetime. His innovative techniques and distinctive style set the standard for Buddhist sculpture during the Kamakura period, shaping the work of subsequent generations. Many of his surviving sculptures are now designated as cultural treasures, a testament to their enduring significance in Japan’s artistic and religious heritage.

Cultural and Religious Treasures

The exhibition also showcases two remarkable sculptures that highlight the profound intersection of faith, artistry, and cultural exchange:

• Yakushi Nyorai (薬師如来): Revered as the “Medicine Buddha,” Yakushi Nyorai symbolizes healing and protection, offering hope and solace to those in need. This statue, commissioned by Wada Yoshimori (和田義盛), is enshrined at Tenyoin Temple (天養院) in Hasse-wada, Miura. It is celebrated not only for its spiritual significance but also as a Kanagawa Prefectural Important Cultural Property, reflecting the deep devotion of its patrons.

• Seated Kannon Bosatsu (観音菩薩): Representing compassion, this statue was imported from China’s Southern Song dynasty, underscoring the historical ties between the Miura Peninsula and international Buddhist traditions. Currently housed at Seiunji Temple (清雲寺) in Oyabe, Yokosuka City, it stands as a vivid testament to the cultural exchanges that shaped the Kamakura period. Recognized as a National Important Cultural Property, it exemplifies the fusion of artistic excellence and spiritual depth.

Many of these sacred treasures, including Unkei’s masterpieces and culturally significant statues like the Yakushi Nyorai and Seated Kannon Bosatsu, are rarely displayed outside their temple homes. This exhibition provides a unique opportunity to experience these masterpieces together in one place, offering a profound glimpse into the spiritual and artistic heritage of medieval Japan.

Who Were the Miura Clan?

The Miura Clan (三浦一族) was a prominent samurai family that shaped the history and culture of the Miura Peninsula and beyond during the late Heian and Kamakura periods. Known for their unwavering loyalty to the Kamakura shogunate, they were instrumental in supporting Buddhist temples and commissioning sacred sculptures. Their influence extended from the Kanto region to far-reaching territories, including northern Japan and Kyushu, leaving a legacy that continues to resonate in Japan today.

About Wada Yoshimori

(Left: Wada Yoshimori depicted in a dynamic ukiyo-e print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi. Right: A contemplative portrait of Wada Yoshimori by Kikuchi Yosai in his minimalist monochrome style.)

Wada Yoshimori (和田義盛, 1147–1213), a key figure in the Miura Clan, was appointed as the first commander of the Samurai-dokoro (Office of Samurai) under Minamoto no Yoritomo (源 頼朝, 1147–1199), the founder of the Kamakura shogunate and Japan’s first military ruler to consolidate power through the title of shogun. Known for his valor and leadership, he played a significant role in key campaigns such as the Genpei War and the subjugation of the Taira clan. Yoshimori was also a devout Buddhist, commissioning several masterpieces by Unkei, including the Amida Triad and the statues of Fudo Myoo and Bishamonten. Despite his significant contributions, Yoshimori’s life ended tragically in the Wada Rebellion, a power struggle within the Kamakura shogunate that led to the demise of his family.

The Role of Buddhist Statues in Japanese Culture

Buddhist statues in Japan were more than religious icons; they were integral to daily life and spiritual practice. These sculptures served as:

• Objects of devotion, offering solace and inspiration to samurai, monks, and common people alike.
• Symbols of protection, embodying the prayers and aspirations of their patrons.
• Central figures in rituals, bridging the physical and spiritual worlds.

Unkei’s works exemplify these roles, blending artistic mastery with profound spiritual resonance to inspire awe and devotion.

The Kamakura Period: A Transformative Era

(Minamoto no Yoritomo statue)

The Kamakura period (1185–1333) was a revolutionary time in Japanese history, marking the rise of the samurai as the ruling class. Before this era, political power had been concentrated in the hands of the imperial court in Kyoto, led by aristocrats and the emperor. However, during this period, warriors, known as samurai, became the dominant force, with the establishment of a new government called the Kamakura shogunate in the coastal city of Kamakura, south of modern-day Tokyo.

This shogunate, established by Minamoto no Yoritomo (源 頼朝, 1147–1199), the first shogun of the Kamakura period, introduced a pioneering system of governance. It created offices to manage military affairs, justice, and administration, providing a framework that shaped Japan’s feudal system for centuries.

Political and Cultural Milestones

Military Governance: The Kamakura shogunate pioneered a groundbreaking legal framework to bring order to a society often plagued by land disputes. Previously, such conflicts frequently led to armed clashes among feudal lords. The introduction of the Goseibai Shikimoku (Joei Code) in 1232 provided clear legal guidelines for resolving disputes, focusing on fairness and practical solutions, at a time when land ownership was the primary source of power and conflict.

The Rise of Buddhism: During a time of frequent natural disasters and social unrest, new schools of Buddhism, such as Zen, Pure Land, and Nichiren, emerged. These teachings resonated deeply with both the warrior class and common people, offering spiritual solace and a sense of hope. Zen Buddhism, with its emphasis on discipline and simplicity, found particular appeal among samurai.

Defending Against Foreign Threats: The Mongol invasions of 1274 and 1281 posed a serious challenge to the shogunate’s military power. Despite successfully repelling the Mongols—thanks in part to timely typhoons later called “divine winds” (kamikaze)—the campaigns strained Japan’s economy and the loyalty of the samurai, ultimately weakening the stability of the regime.

Cultural Flourishing: The Kamakura period was also an age of artistic and cultural innovation. Master sculptors like Unkei crafted highly realistic Buddhist statues that embodied the spiritual and martial ideals of the samurai era. Meanwhile, Zen-inspired temple architecture flourished, with iconic structures like the Kencho-ji and Engaku-ji temples, which remain revered cultural landmarks today.

Kamakura’s Lasting Legacy

While the Kamakura shogunate eventually fell in 1333, its legacy endured. The establishment of a samurai-led government marked the beginning of Japan’s medieval era and redefined its political and cultural landscape. The values of loyalty, discipline, and spiritual devotion established during this period continue to shape Japanese identity today.

Event Details

Dates and Venue

Dates: October 26 – December 22, 2024
Special Free Admission Day: November 3 (Cultural Day)

Hours: 10:00 AM – 6:00 PM
Closed: Tuesday, November 5, and Monday, December 2
Venue: Yokosuka Museum of Art, Exhibition Rooms 5, 6, 7

Tickets

Admission:
Adults: ¥1,000 (Group rate: ¥800)
University & High School Students / Seniors (65+): ¥800 (Group rate: ¥640)
Junior High School Students and Younger: Free
Free admission for high school students residing in Yokosuka or attending school there.
Free admission for persons with a disability pass and one accompanying caretaker.
Note: Admission fees for special exhibitions held on the first floor are not included in the above rates.

Contact Information

Yokosuka Call Center: 046-822-4000
Hours: Weekdays 8:00 AM – 6:00 PM; Weekends and holidays 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM
Note: Service is available in 21 languages, including English.

For more details, visit the official website: Yokosuka Museum of Art.

Why Visit?

Experience history, art, and spirituality like never before. This exclusive exhibition showcases Unkei’s iconic sculptures and the cultural heritage of the Kamakura period. Don’t miss this rare chance to witness these sacred treasures, many of which are typically inaccessible to the public.